Discuss Pharmacotherapy for Cardiovascular Disorders.
LM is an 86-year-old female admitted to the emergency department with delirium. Her spouse is with her and verifies that LM adheres to the medications she is currently prescribed. She does not self-monitor her BP or heart rate at home.
PMH:
A Fib diagnosed 1 month ago
HTN x 10 years
CKD x 5 years
Osteoarthritis x 7 years
GERD x 20 years
Medications:
Digoxin 0.25 mg QD
Metoprolol XL 25mg QD
Warfarin 3 mg QD
APAP 650 mg TID
Omeprazole 20mg QD
Multivitamin QD
Allergies: NKDA
Social History:
Married to husband for 57 years
No smoking, alcohol, limited daily exercise (short walks each morning)
Family History:
None reported
Vitals:
Labs:
Wt 113 lbs Ht 5’4” Na+ 138 K+ 4.0
BP 101/58, HR 52 Cl- 99 CO2 27
BUN 33 Cr 1.2
Gluc 109 INR 3.8
Dig 2.4
PE:
Elderly female with altered level of consciousness, no signs of bruising, bleeding, or other injury.
Write a 2- to 3-page paper that addresses the following:
Explain how the factor you selected might influence the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes in the patient from the case study you were assigned.
Describe how changes in the processes might impact the patient’s recommended drug therapy. Be specific and provide examples.
Explain how you might improve the patient’s drug therapy plan and explain why you would make these recommended improvements.
NURS_6521_Week2_Assignment_Rubric
NURS_6521_Week2_Assignment_Rubric
Criteria Ratings Pts
This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeExplain how the factor you selected might influence the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes in the patient from the case study you were assigned.
25 to >22.5 pts
Excellent
The response accurately and completely explains in detail how the factor selected might influence the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes in the patient.
22.5 to >19.75 pts
Good
The response provides a basic explanation of how the factor selected might influence the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes in the patient.
19.75 to >17.25 pts
Fair
The response inaccurately or vaguely explains how the factor selected might influence the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes in the patient.
17.25 to >0 pts
Poor
The response inaccurately and vaguely explains how the factor selected might influence the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes in the patient, or is missing.
25 pts
This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeDescribe how changes in the processes might impact the patient’s recommended drug therapy. Be specific and provide examples.
30 to >26.7 pts
Excellent
The response accurately and completely describes in detail how changes in the processes might impact the patient’s recommended drug therapy. … Accurate, complete, and aligned examples are provided to support the response.
26.7 to >23.7 pts
Good
The response accurately describes how changes in the processes might impact the patient’s recommended drug therapy. … Accurate examples may be provided to support the response.
23.7 to >20.7 pts
Fair
The response inaccurately or vaguely describes how changes in the processes might impact the patient’s recommended drug therapy. … Inaccurate or vague examples are provided to support the response.
20.7 to >0 pts
Poor
The response inaccurately and vaguely describes how changes in the processes might impact the patient’s recommended drug therapy, or is missing. … Inaccurate and vague examples may be provided to support the response, or is missing.
30 pts
This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeExplain how you might improve the patient’s drug therapy plan, and explain why you would make these recommended improvements.
30 to >26.7 pts
Excellent
The response accurately and clearly explains in detail how to improve the patient’s drug therapy plan. … The response includes an accurate and detailed explanation to support the recommended improvements.
26.7 to >23.7 pts
Good
The response accurately explains how to improve the patient’s drug therapy plan. … The response may include an accurate explanation to support the recommended improvements.
23.7 to >20.7 pts
Fair
The response inaccurately or vaguely explains how to improve the patient’s drug therapy plan. … The response may include an inaccurate, vague, or misaligned explanation to support the recommended improvements.
20.7 to >0 pts
Poor
The response inaccurately and vaguely explains how to improve the patient’s drug therapy plan, or is missing. … The response may include an inaccurate and vague explanation to support the recommended improvements, or is missing.
30 pts
This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeWritten Expression and Formatting – Paragraph Development and Organization: Paragraphs make clear points that support well developed ideas, flow logically, and demonstrate continuity of ideas. Sentences are carefully focused–neither long and rambling nor short and lacking substance.
5 to >4.45 pts
Excellent
Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity.
4.45 to >3.95 pts
Good
Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity 80% of the time.
3.95 to >3.45 pts
Fair
Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity 60%–79% of the time.
3.45 to >0 pts
Poor
Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity less than 60% of the time.
5 pts
This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeWritten Expression and Formatting – English writing standards: Correct grammar, mechanics, and proper punctuation
5 to >4.45 pts
Excellent
Uses correct grammar, spelling, and punctuation with no errors
4.45 to >3.95 pts
Good
Contains a few (1–2) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors
3.95 to >3.45 pts
Fair
Contains several (3–4) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors
3.45 to >0 pts
Poor
Contains many (≥ 5) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors that interfere with the reader’s understanding
5 pts
This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeWritten Expression and Formatting – The paper follows correct APA format for title page, headings, font, spacing, margins, indentations, page numbers, running head, parenthetical/in-text citations, and reference list.
5 to >4.45 pts
Excellent
Uses correct APA format with no errors
4.45 to >3.95 pts
Good
Contains a few (1–2) APA format errors
3.95 to >3.45 pts
Fair
Contains several (3–4) APA format errors
3.45 to >0 pts
Poor
Contains many (≥ 5) APA format errors
5 pts
Total Points: 100
Solved by verified expertHere are some commonly used classes of cardiovascular medications:
Antihypertensives: These medications are used to lower blood pressure and reduce the risk of heart attack, stroke, and other complications of hypertension. Some examples include angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, and diuretics.
Lipid-lowering agents:
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Antiplatelet and anticoagulant agents: These medications are used to prevent blood clots from forming and reduce the risk of heart attack and stroke. Examples include aspirin, clopidogrel, warfarin, and novel oral anticoagulants (NOACs).
Antiarrhythmic agents: These medications are used to manage heart rhythm disorders, such as atrial fibrillation or ventricular tachycardia. Examples include beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, and sodium channel blockers.
Inotropic agents: These medications are used to improve the strength and efficiency of heart muscle contractions in people with heart failure. Examples include digoxin, milrinone, and dobutamine.
Vasodilators: These medications are used to relax the blood vessels and improve blood flow, which can help to lower blood pressure and reduce the workload on the heart. Examples include nitrates and hydralazine.
It is important to note that not all cardiovascular medications are suitable for everyone. The choice of medication and the dose used will depend on the individual’s condition, age, overall health, and other factors. It is important to work closely with a healthcare provider to develop a personalized treatment plan that is safe and effective.
